This interesting problem was recently found in certain public examination. I will solve it here since I found it fascinating and useful, since it is a problem with “variable mass”.
A pulley with negligible mass is given (see the figures above). Its radius is R. We tie two masses, 
and 
to the extremes of the pulley with the aid of a string. The string has a linear mass density 
and it has a total length equal to L. Calculate:
a) The forces in the extremes of the pulley over the masses and the acceleration when we release the system from the rest.
b) The velocity of the masses and the position of a the masses as a function of time.
Remark: We have the contraint 
. L is the total length of the string, R is the radius of the pulley, and 
and 
are the pieces of string unwrapped to the pulley for the masses and , respectively. We can suppose that initially 
and 
. Note that due to this constraint 
, where the dot denotes derivative with respect to time, i.e., velocity of both masses, respecively too.
Solution.
a) Suppose 
. Thus, the forces acting on the masses are:
Adding the two equations, we get
and then the acceleration will be
b) Firstly, we have to derive the differential equations for the system with variable mass.
The equations for both masses are, respectively, using Newton’s laws:
Adding these two equations we get the differential equation to be solved:
with 
We can solve the differential equation
with the initial conditions 
and 
easily, to obtain
As the mass of the string depends on the linear density, the usual procedure to obtain the variation of the kinetic energy as the work done by the potential forces is something more complicated:
It can be shown that
Please, note that in this case, we have to be very careful with 
and 
. They are related with a contraint, but they are not the same thing.
